In Focus: Labuan

Labuan IBFC – Building Opportunity in Asia Pacific

Labuan, a federal territory of Malaysia off the coast of Borneo, has been host to a growing financial services sector for over 25 years.  A sector that has continued to steadily and assuredly grow despite the global economic turmoil of the last decade, and that is carving itself an important niche in the Asian Pacific financial market.

The Labuan International Business and Financial Centre (Labuan IBFC) was established in 1990 as a route to economic growth. It was envisaged as a centre that would complement the activities of the domestic Malaysian financial market in Kuala Lumpur. The sector has now become fundamental to the Labuan economy and hugely important to Malaysia generally. As Malaysia enhances its trade and investment linkages with the region and other parts of the world, the financial services sector has a crucial role to play in supporting the expansion of Malaysian corporations, intermediating surplus funds from the region to productive investments, and facilitating cross-border capital flows. As individual wealth grows in the region, increasing consumer demand from a larger middle-income population has inspired a raft of more sophisticated and comprehensive wealth management services.

Beginning life as an ‘offshore’ centre, Labuan IBFC now identifies itself as a ‘midshore’ financial centre, providing the perfect balance between client confidentiality and stringent regulatory requirements. It is the only international business and financial centre servicing Asia Pacific, and sees itself as the perfect complement to the established financial centres in Asia Pacific, such as Singapore and Hong Kong.

Mr Mah explains that the IBFC’s modus operandi was to offer “holistic wealth management options… both conventional and Islamic wealth management solutions in one convenient location.”

He acknowledges the importance of stalwart centres like Hong Kong and Singapore in the global financial arena and therefore is not trying to compete with these established titans of finance.  Rather, Labuan IBFC wants to offer a more cost-efficient place to do business in the region and aims to identify gaps in the offerings from the established centres that it can fill. 

For example, Labuan IBFC can offer a more cost-efficient place for back office services while also providing more specialist solutions that other IFCs do not provide.

In fact, Labuan IBFC is the only common law jurisdiction in the ASEAN region to offer private foundations – a civil law structure – in both the conventional and Islamic space, a novel concept for the region.

The Labuan Islamic Financial Services and Securities Act 2010 – the world’s first omnibus legislation governing all Shariah-compliant businesses in an international business and financial centre – provides a greater degree of comfort and certainty to Islamic businesses and investors as it covers every aspect of Shariah-compliant financial services.  All Labuan structures, including its wealth management solutions, are available in Shariah-compliant formats, giving Labuan IBFC its unique position in Asia.

According to Mr Mah, the Islamic wealth management sector is still vastly untapped and Labuan plans to leverage on this. Labuan IBFC has embarked on market development initiatives to enhance its Islamic finance business through the issuance of Shariah resolution on the Labuan captive takaful as well as developing a framework for the Labuan international waqf foundation.

As Ms Jaafar-Crossby explained: “Malaysia is a leader in Islamic Finance and Labuan IBFC can benefit from that strength. The Waqf Foundation is an example of a solution germinating in the midshore jurisdiction and expanding across the region and beyond, having been picked up in the Middle East, China and Europe.”

“Labuan IBFC is relatively young in comparison to other financial centres and is still finding its niche. Complementing Singapore and Hong Kong allows us greater opportunities to focus on facilitating business transactions and wealth management solutions across the ASEAN region, via unique offerings, legal structures like private trusts and foundations that will preserve wealth and ensure business continuity for generations to come.”

But more generally business is growing in Labuan IBFC. There are now 209 insurance and insurance-related companies with over US$1.4 billion flowing through these companies. There are 374 leasing companies  with total assets in excess of US$51.8bn.  Another growth area is the Labuan International Trading Company, trading in predominantly oil products, which emulates the Singapore Global Trader Programme, albeit a lower entry and operational threshold.

Interestingly, the financial services sector did not experience any shrinkage at all during the global recession while other IFCs have seen a significant drop in the number of incorporations.

“This had not happened for Labuan IBFC.  While the West has been engulfed in the tumultuous years of the downturn. Labuan IBFC has been quietly and confidently growing. And there is a reason for this growth,” Mah said.

Labuan IBFC is a very cost-effective, substance enabling jurisdiction. Transparency is a number one concern, the fact you can come to Labuan and create substance confidently.

“We don’t offer shelf companies, we never offered bearer shares and as such, we always look substantive growth and that has been eight and 10 per cent.” Mr Mah elaborates.

Part of the centre’s strategy has been to work alongside Hong Kong and Singapore as a complementary financial centre, as opposed to trying to compete with such well-established centres. Like IFCs around the world, Labuan IBFC has been subject to international regulatory demands.

“But we have never had a problem with regulatory demands – right from the start we had a lot of restrictions in place, we have never permitted bearer shares, we have never allowed cash transactions. We like continual growth – we are not looking for spikes in growth. We could have chosen the easiest playing field but we didn’t do that and so we welcome the international regulations.

“Our mantra has always been – we welcome your business so long as you comply with international regulations and you have no problem with transparency,” Mr Mah explains.

The need to conform to international regulatory demands has intensified and there is greater scrutiny by standard setting bodies, but Labuan IBFC remains committed to enhancing the banking and insurance regulations without jeopardising business growth.  The demands for greater transparency amongst financial centres give Labuan IBFC the edge as it has always maintained a high regulatory and supervisory standard alongside its commitment to greater transparency.

“With the recent Panama Papers debacle, IFCs have come under intensified scrutiny. To ensure our good reputation, it is imperative that we are committed to the global standards and requirements on transparency and exchange of information.

 “Undoubtedly, some IFCs will have to alter the way they have been doing business in light of the ever-increasing media and political attention IFCs have received but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing for the industry. In a way, this current environment makes Labuan IBFC stand out as one of the well-regulated centres.

“The fallout from the Panama Papers will cement the demand for greater transparency. It has the makings of changing the way traditional islands states that are offshore centres do business; it will perhaps make offshore centres more mainstream.

“There will always be a need for IFCs for as long as there is global trade and movement of funds – the question is how can we ensure the legitimate uses of IFCs get their day in the press as well?”

And these legitimate uses of Labuan IBFC include providing synergies for cooperation and financial linkages in the region, particularly amongst the ASEAN countries. As a well-regulated and vibrant international business and financial centre with a wide range of conventional and Islamic financial solutions, the Labuan IBFC possesses great potential to be a regional centre serving the financial needs of ASEAN and the greater Asia Pacific region.

It is also well-positioned to provide further business opportunities not only to Malaysian entities but also to those from other parts of the world.

The main aim of the Labuan IBFC is to maintain its steady growth. With the immense funding requirements of ASEAN, particularly for large investment projects and infrastructure development, greater financial integration will facilitate channelling a part of the region’s surplus towards productive investment opportunities in other parts of region.

More than 70 per cent of companies working out of Labuan IBFC originate from the Asia Pacific region, so the intention of the midshore jurisdiction going forward is to continue to focus its attention on that region.

As Ms Jaafar-Crossby concluded:  “We are the right kind of financial centre, in the right place at the right time. Everything is growing – it is all going in our direction and we are very excited about it.”

Labuan IBFC at a glance

Banking

Labuan IBFC offers a wholesale platform for banks and financial intermediaries looking to establish their operations and take advantage of the numerous associated opportunities in the region. Labuan IBFC is also bound by an effective regulatory regime that subscribes to internationally-recognised standards and best practices in financial services and prudential regulation. Labuan banks and investment banks operating out of Labuan IBFC provide a host of services, conventional as well as Islamic Finance.

Insurance

Comprising not just reinsurers and direct insurers, Labuan IBFC also provides a unique underwriting vehicles in the form of captives. This is an increasingly popular risk solution sought by many corporates that prefer to have the flexibility of managing their own perils as part of their own risk management. Aside from conventional (re)insurance services, Labuan IBFC also offers Islamic (re)insurance, better known as (re)takaful, for those seeking Shariah-compliant protection. Insurance brokers, underwriting managers as well as insurance managers complete the supply chain by offering the needed services within the sector.

The industry is set on a positive trajectory and will continue to expand to provide the needed reinsurance capacity and insurance products in order to meet sophisticated clientele needs and expectations. Business flexibilities in tandem with an orderly set of regulations provide a stable business environment for prospective investors and clients alike.

Trusts

The creation of a Labuan trust is generally for an individual or a settlor to give specific property to a third party to be held for the benefit of others, including charities. The Labuan Trust Act 1996 (LTA) allows the creation of the following types of trust: Purpose trusts; Charitable trusts; Spendthrift or protective trusts; and Labuan special trusts.

Foundations

A Labuan foundation is a corporate body with a separate legal entity, established to manage its own property for any lawful purpose which may be charitable or non-charitable. In the case of a Labuan Islamic foundation, its aims and operations shall be in compliance with Shariah principles.

Companies

Labuan companies can carry out either trading or non-trading activities in, from, or through Labuan IBFC. Protected cell companies can be an alternative solution to standard corporate structures. Protected cell companies may also be structured to further enhance insurance and mutual funds needs.

Private Trust Companies

A Labuan private trust company (PTC) is a Labuan company formed for the specific purpose of acting as a trustee for a group of connected persons and where each beneficiary of the trust established by the PTC is a connected person related to the settlor of the trust. In a PTC, the settlor, members of his family or his advisers can be appointed to the board of directors. The composition of the board can be changed from time to time to bring in members of succeeding generations and in the management of family affairs.

Labuan Leasing

Labuan leasing is defined as the business of letting or sub-letting property on hire for the purpose of the use of such property by the hirer, regardless whether the letting is with or without an option to purchase the property, including charters of ships.

Property includes any plant, machinery, equipment or other chattel attached or to be attached to the earth, and charters of ships means bareboat charters only and does not include the transportation of passengers, cargo by sea or the charter of ships on a voyage or time charter basis.

Leasing businesses could be transacted via conventional means or in accordance with Shariah principles.